The Bulwark
StoreFAQ
Sign InJoin
HomeWatchNewslettersShowsChatSpecial ProjectsEventsFoundersArchiveAbout
The Triad

How Wrestling Explains JD Vance

Understanding X-Pac heat and why everyone hates America’s most famous hillbilly.

Jonathan V. Last's avatar
Jonathan V. Last
September 25, 2024∙ Paid
Upgrade to listen14 minutes
335
(Composite / Photos: GettyImages / Shutterstock)

1. Go Away

Buried in the Harvard Youth Poll yesterday was an eye-popping stat about JD Vance. His favorable/unfavorable number among voters aged 18-30 is 18/46.

That’s right: He’s viewed favorably by 18 percent of young voters. 18 percent.

Let me put this in perspective for you: Elon University just released a North Carolina poll and in it, Mark Robinson’s favorable number among women was 27 percent.

Think about that. The guy who says the Holocaust was overblown and Hitler was great, who wants to own slaves, who was a frequenter of backroom porn video booths, and who bragged about banging his wife’s sister . . .

That guy was able to get to 27 percent favorable with women in North Carolina.

But JD Vance is stuck at 18 percent among people who are basically his same age.

Look, this Harvard poll did not test favorability ratings for the Taliban, or Vladimir Putin, or herpes. If they had, I’m sure all three would have been less popular than JD Vance.

But not by much.1

More context: Among young voters, Donald Trump’s favorability rating is 31 percent. Which means that almost half the people who like Donald Trump don’t like JD Vance.

How does this happen?

Well, I can explain it. But to do so, we’re going to have to talk about pro-wrestling again. Because JD Vance is the purest political expression I’ve ever seen of what’s known in the business as “X-Pac heat.”

A quick refresher:

A wrestler’s most important job is to draw heat from the audience and it does not matter if the audience is booing or cheering. What matters is that they are loud and active. What matters is that the crowd cares.

In wrestling, the good guys—the “faces”—draw heat when the crowd loves them. The bad guys—the “heels”—draw heat when the crowd hates them.

But there is a rare, unwanted, third kind of heat. It’s known as X-Pac heat and to understand it, you need to know the story of Sean “X-Pac” Waltman. Let’s dig in.

Join Bulwark+ to unlock the rest🔓

Become a paying member of The Bulwark to get access to this post and other subscriber-only content. A subscription gets you:

  • Unlimited access to articles and newsletters including The Triad by JVL and Receipts by Catherine Rampell.
  • Ad-free editions of our shows (with transcripts) and member-only shows like The Secret Podcast.
  • Plus community chats and commenting features. Your support helps keep our work sustainable and available to those who cannot afford a membership. Cancel anytime.
Join
Already a paid subscriber? Sign in

Sign up to get a FREE daily dose of sanity in your inbox.

The Bulwark
HomeWatchShowsChatSpecial ProjectsEventsFoundersArchiveAbout
Get the Bulwark appInstagramFacebookYouTube
© 2026 Center Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Powered by Substack.
Privacy∙Terms∙Collection notice